What does encapsulation involve in lead abatement?

Encapsulation is a method of lead abatement that specifically involves covering lead-paint surfaces or materials with a protective barrier. This can be achieved through the application of special coatings or materials that effectively seal the lead paint and prevent the release of lead dust or particles into the environment. By creating this protective layer, encapsulation aims to contain the lead contamination, allowing for a safer environment without the immediate need for complete removal of lead-containing materials.

In contrast to the correct option, replacing contaminated materials involves a more invasive and comprehensive approach where the lead-containing items are physically removed. Removing lead materials completely indicates a total eradication strategy, while cleaning lead dust from surfaces focuses on eliminating existing particles rather than preventing future exposure. Encapsulation provides a more manageable and cost-effective solution for many situations, particularly when complete removal is impractical or poses risks of additional hazards.