Which of the following is NOT a type of permanent soil abatement?

Covering soil with a tarp is not considered a permanent solution for soil abatement. While it may temporarily contain lead dust or prevent access to contaminated soil, it does not eliminate the lead from the environment or sufficiently reduce risk over the long term. Permanent soil abatement requires actions that effectively remove or permanently encapsulate contaminants, thereby ensuring the area remains safe for use over time.

In comparison, removing and replacing the contaminated soil entirely or paving over the area are recognized permanent methods, as they directly deal with the source of contamination. Cultivating soil when lead levels are below a specified threshold can also be part of a management strategy, as it might help reduce exposure without disturbing contaminated layers.